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Tak Fa Formation

Tak Fa Fm

Period:

Carboniferous, Permian

Age Interval:

Early–Middle Permian (13, but omitted from strat column)

Province:
Indochina Block: Loei Fold Belt

Type Locality and Naming

Khao Kwang Platform (western region): This formation was established by Nakornsri (1976, 1981) in his geological map of Amphoe Ban Mi. The type area is at Tak Fa in southeastern Nakhon Sawan Province, but lacks a detailed stratigraphic description.

[Figure: Geological map of Saraburi Group in Saraburi area, NE Thailand (Ueno and Charoentitirat, 2011).]

Synonym: หมวดหินตากฟ้า

Lithology and Thickness

Massive to well bedded limestone, grey to bluish-grey limestone; sandstone and shale. Thickness: Not mentioned. Parent unit: Saraburi Gr.

[Figure: Carboniferous and Permian facies distribution and resultant stratigraphic subdivisions on the western margin of the Indochina Block, with Saraburi Group highlighted (Ueno and Charoentitirat, 2011).]

Lithology Pattern:

Limestone

Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Not mentioned

Upper contact

Not mentioned

Regional extent

It crops out extensively from the type area, through Lop Buri Province and Nakhon Sawan Province northeastwards to Phetchabun Province, northwest of the Khorat Plateau (Nakornsri 1976).

[Figure: Distribution of Carboniferous and Permian in NE Thailand. Data mainly based on 1:1 million scale geological map of Thailand (DMR 1999) with minor modiﬁcations (Ueno and Charoentitirat 2011).]

GeoJSON

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Fossils

Various fossil groups have been reported from the Tak Fa Formation, such as fusulines (Pitakpaivan 1965; Igo 1972, 1992; Toriyama & Pitakpaivan 1973; Yanagida 1988; Chonglakmani & Fontaine 1992; Fontaine et al. 1999a; Charoentitirat 2002a; Noipow 2003; Napradit 2005), corals (Yanagida 1988; Chonglakmani & Fontaine 1992; Fontaine et al. 1994a; Fontaine & Suteethorn 1995; Fontaine et al. 1999a), conodonts (Metcalfe & Sone 2008), brachiopods (Yanagida 1964, 1988; Yanagida & Nakornsri 1999; Pe´rez-Huerta et al. 2007; Sone et al. 2009), bryozoans (Sakagami 1966c, 1975, 1999; Yanagida 1988) and calcareous algae (Fontaine et al. 1999a). Of these fossils, a recent study on conodonts by Metcalfe & Sone (2008) pointed out an intimate paleo-biogeographical connection of the Indochina Block (on which the Tak Fa Fm was deposited) with the South China Block based on the occurrence of Pseudosweetognathus. The study concluded that these Cathaysian blocks were isolated within the Palaeotethys in the palaeoequatorial belt, at least around Bolorian–Kubergandian time (Ueno and Charoentitirat, 2011).

With respect to the age of the Tak Fa Fm, the fusulines from the carbonate parts of the formation show that it ranges from the latest Carboniferous to middle or late Middle Permian, with possibly the oldest assemblage (late Gzhelian) consisting of Triticites ozawai, Daixina petchabunensis, Dutkevitchia sp. and ?Darvasoschwagerina yanagidai (LE5 of Igo 1972) and probably the youngest one (late Murgabian or early Midian) containing Sumatrina longissima (Chonglakmani & Fontaine 1992; Igo 1992) (Ueno and Charoentitirat, 2011).

Age

Artinskian-Kungurian (Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand, 2013), Early–Middle Permian (Ueno and Charoentitirat, 2011)

Age Span:

Beginning stage:

Gzhelian

Fraction up in beginning stage:

Beginning date (Ma):

303.40

Ending stage:

Wordian

Fraction up in the ending stage:

Ending date (Ma):

268.80

Depositional setting

Not mentioned

[Figure: Late Paleozoic major facies subdivisions on the western margin of the Indochina Block by Ueno and Charoentitirat (2011). (Slightly modiﬁed from Wielchowsky & Young 1985).]

Depositional pattern:

Additional Information

Ueno and Charoentitirat (2011) also regard the so-called ‘Ratburi Group’ west of the Nam Duk Basin, originally attributed to the Pha Nok Khao or Hua Na Kham formations by Chonglakmani & Sattayarak (1984), as belonging to the Tak Fa Fm.

Hinthong (1981) suggested that the formation in the type area can be lithostratigraphically correlated to the Khao Khwang Fm in the Saraburi area.

Ueno and Charoentitirat (2011) regard the Tak Fa Fm as largely time-equivalent to most of the formations of the Saraburi Gr in the Saraburi area.

Compiler:

Wen Du -modified from Ueno K. & Charoentitirat T., 2011, Chapter 5 Carboniferous and Permian in Ridd, M.F., Barber, A.J., and Grow, M.J., editors, The Geology of Thailand, Geol. Soc. of London. And Lexicon of Stratigraphic Names of Thailand of 2013